HARAGIRIMANA Dieudonne
Kuri uyu munsi wa Ei Al-Fitr, Miliyoni z’abayoboke b’idini rya Islam ku Isi hose bawizihije ndetse akaba ari umunsi ukomeye cyane ku ngengabihe y’iri dini.
Eid cyangwa se Irayidi ni iki?
Irayidi iba ku mpera y’igisibo gitagatifu cya Ramadan – ukwezi ko gusenga no kwiyiriza.
Izina “Eid al-Fitr” risobanuye “uguhimbaza guhagarika kwiyiriza”.
Nko ku itangiriro rya Ramadan, Irayidi itangira ku mboneko nshya y’ukwezi.
Ku basilamu benshi mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, iyo mboneko y’ukwezi ni mu ijoro ryo kuri uyu wa gatatu.
Haba iki ku Irayidi?
Abayisilamu benshi barajya mu isengesho rya kare mu gitondo kuri uyu wa 13 z’ukwa gatanu.
Ni umugenzo kwambara imyenda mishya, kurya ibiryo biryoshye, no gusubiramo isengesho ryitwa takbeer.
Mbere y’isengesho ry’Irayidi, Abasilamu basabwa gutanga imfashanyo yitwa zakaat al fitr yo gufasha umukene.
Abantu benshi bishimira gusangira ifunguro rinini n’inshuti n’imiryango, no guhana impano – mu bihugu byinshi ku Irayidi ni umunsi w’ikiruhuko.
Niba ushaka kwifuriza umuntu irayidi nziza, uramuramutsa uti: “Eid Mubarak”.
Ramadan yo ni iki?
Ramadan ni izina ry’icyarabu rivuga ukwezi kwa cyenda ku ngengabihe/ikirangaminsi ya kisilamu.
Gufatwa nk’ukwezi gutagatifu kurusha ayandi ya kisilamu.
Uku kwezi kandi ni imwe mu nkingi eshanu za Islam. Ayo ni amahame atanu y’ibikorwa Abayisilamu bemera ko byategetswe n’Imana.
Abayisilamu bemera ko imwe mu mirongo ya mbere y’igitabo gitagatifu, Qu’ran, yahishuriwe Intumwa Muhammad mu kwezi kwa Ramadan. Muri uku kwezi gusubiramo Qu’ran byongerwamo imbaraga.
Kwiyiriza bifatwa nk’igikorwa cyo gusenga, bigafasha umusilamu kumva ari hafi y’Imana no kugira intege za roho ndetse n’ikinyabupfura bwite.
Ibi bikorwa bite?
Abasilamu bafata ifunguro kare cyane mu butaratandukana, iryo ryitwa suhoor cyangwa sehri.
Bakiyiriza amanywa yose kugeza izuba rirenze aho bashobora kongera gufata ifunguro, ryitwa ifatr cyangwa fitoor.
Ramadan kandi ni igihe Abayisilamu basabwa gufasha abakene, gukomeza umubano wabo n’Imana, kugira ubugwaneza no kwihangana.
Muri uko kwezi, abemera bajya kandi ku musigiti ku masengesho ya nimugoroba yitwa Taraweeh. Aya aba gusa mu gihe cya Ramadan.
Uko Ramadan itandukanye n’izindi uyu mwaka
Uyu ni umwaka wa kabiri Ramadan ibaye mu cyorezo cya coronavirus.
Ku basilamu mu Rwanda, kimwe n’ab’ahandi henshi ku isi, ni undi mwaka w’impinduka mu migenzo isanzwe.
Iftar kenshi ni ifunguro ry’inshuti n’imiryango. Ariko amabwiriza abuza guhura kw’abantu benshi asobanuye ko ubu rifatwa n’abantu mu ngo zabo gusa.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda coronavirus mu Rwanda abuza abantu benshi guhura, no gusangira nk’uko byabaga kenshi mu bihe bya Ramadan.
Ni ibiki bindi byahindutse?
Umwaka ushize Ramadan n’Irayidi byabaye u Rwanda ruri mu bihe bya ’lockdown’ abantu bategetswe kuguma mu ngo zabo gusa, inzu zose zo gusengeramo zifunze.
Ubu hari impinduka, imisigiti n’insengero bishobora kwakira 50% by’abantu isanzwe yakira, abantu bajya gusenga kandi bashobora gusangira ari bacyeya mu ngo zabo.
Mu misigiti basabwa kuba bambaye udupfukamunwa, kwitwaza imikeka yabo yo gusengeraho no guhana intera.
Amatariki y’Irayidi na Ramadan agenwa ate?
Ingengabihe ya Kisilamu igendera ku ngengabihe y’ukwezi igizwe n’amezi 12.
Ukwezi kwa Ramadan ni ukwa cyenda k’umwaka, Irayidi igera ku ntangiriro y’ukwezi kwa 10, Shawwal.
Buri kwezi gutangira ku mboneko y’igisate cy’ukwezi (crescent) kukamara iminsi 29 cyangwa 30.
Mu gihe cya cyera, ibi byakorwaga barebesheje ijisho gusa, ariko mu myaka ya vuba, indebakure (telescopes) n’ikoranabuhanga byagiye bikoreshwa.
Ibihugu bigendera ku mahame ya Islam biri ku ntera nini ku isi, kuva muri Indonesia kugera muri Maroc, bivuze ko Abasilamu bamwe bashobora kubona ukwezi gushya mbere y’abandi.
Prof Muhammad Abdel Haleem wo mu kigo Centre of Islamic Studies i Londre ati: “Ubusanzwe, Makkah [muri Arabia Saoudite] niho bemezaga ko ukwezi kwabonetse”.
“Rimwe na rimwe, yewe no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ibihugu bituranye nabo bivuga ko byabonye ukwezi, ku minsi itandukanye.”
Ingengabihe y’ukwezi ubusanzwe iri munsi ho iminsi 10 ingengabihe ya Gregori ikoreshwa henshi ku isi. Bivuze ko buri mwaka Ramadan itangira iminsi 10 mbere.
