HARAGIRIMANA Dieudonne
Benshi mu batuye isi, baba abakirisitu Gatorika ndetse n’abandi, bakunda kumva Kiliziya Gatorika yizihiza umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose, ariko ntibasobanukirwe n’impamvu yawo, cyangwa n’icyo usobanuye mu buzima bw’abakirisitu bawemera. Muri iyi nkuru twagerageje gukusanya amwe mu mateka ndetse n’inkomoko y’umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose wizihizwa buri mwaka mu Ugushyingo.
Inkomoko y’Umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose
Mu ntangiriro, umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose wizihizwaga buri tariki 13 Gicurasi kuko aribwo Papa Bonifasi IV yari afashe icyemezo ko uyu munsi wajya wizihizwa mu mateka ya Kiliziya.
Ubwo munsi nibwo yahaye Umugisha Pantewo(Pantheon), ingoro y’Abaromani yahinduwe imva y’abakurisitu bahowe Imana. Gusa icyo gihe Pantewo yahimbazaha ibigirwamana, mu gihe umunsi w’Abatagatifu bose ihimbaza Intungane zatunganiye Imana zikemera kumena amaraso yazo zibigiriye Kirisitu wazitangiye.
Umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose, ni umunsi ngarukamwaka wizihizwa n’abakirisitu Gatorika buri tariki ya 01 Ugushyingo. Ni umunsi washyizweho mu mateka na Papa Bonifasi IV, mu mwaka wa 610.
Papa Bonifasi IV, yashyizeho uyu munsi mu rwego two guys icyubahiro abahowe Imana mu bakirisitu bo hambere, bagiye bicwa bazira kuyoboka idini ryemera Imana imwe, bituma batsembwatsembwa. Guhera mu kinyejana cya kane(4), abakirisitu bari barahaye icyubahiro abo bayoboke bishwe, bashimagiza ubutwari bwabi kandi bagahanahana ibisigazwa by’imibiri yabo.
Ahagana mu mwaka wa 835, Papa Geregori IV yimuye umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose, awuvana ku itariki 13 Gicurasi wari usanzwe wizihizwaho, awushyira mu Ugushyingo tariki ya mbere. Ibi Papa Geregori IV yabikoze abitewe nuko ingoro ya Kiliziya yitiriwe mutagatifu Petero I Roma, yari yeguriwe urusange rw’abatagatifu bose n’umwe mu bashumba ba Kiliziya bamubanjirije.
Guhamya umutagatifu bya Nyirubutungane Papa
Kugirango bahamye umutagatifu, kenshi na kenshi byagiye bibaho ko abepiskopi babanza kwiyambaza bagenzi babo : guhamya umutagatifu bikozwe n’abepiskopi benshi cyangwa bikorewe mu nama y’Abepiskopi y’akarere cyangwa y’igihugu byarushagaho kwamamara kurusha uko bikorewe gusa muri Kiliziya yegereye imva y’uwo mutagatifu.
Mu mwaka wa 993, Myr Lintolf, umushumba wa Osuburu (Augsbourg) yagize igitekerezo cyo guhamya ubutagatifu bwa Myr Yurici (Ulrich) wamubanzirije bikozwe na Nyirubutungane Papa ubwe. Mu Nama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yaberaga i Roma, iyobowe na Papa Piyo wa 15, Myr Lintolf yasomeye abashumba ba Kiliziya imibereho n’ubuzima bwa Myr Ulrich birabanyura. Nibwo rero Papa Piyo wa 15 yemeye guhamya ubutungane bwa Myr Ulrich.
Iryo niryo hamya rya mbere ry’umutagatifu ryakozwe n’Umushumba Mukuru wa Kiliziya, ariko byagombye gutegereza umwaka w’1215 kugira ngo Inama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye i Latarani (Concile de Latran) yemeze ko Nyirubutungane Papa ari we wenyine ufite ububasha bwo guhamya ibigwi by’intungane kugira ngo Abakristu bamuhimbaze. N’ubwo bwose muri iyi Nama Nkuru y’i Latarani bateruye ngo babyite guhamya ubutagatifu, ariko rero nta tandukaniro ribirimo, byose ni kimwe.
Urubanza ruhamya ubutagatifu
Guhamya ubutagatifu bikozwe na Nyirubutungane Papa byabyaye urubanza nyirizina ruhamya ubutungane. Urubanza rumenyesha ubutungane bw’umukandida muri diyosezi yabayemo.
Urwo rubanza rukagenzura ibikorwa by’ubutwari n’imico myiza byamuranze, kandi rukemeza koko ko habaye ibitangaza byakozwe n’uwo mukandida. Nyuma habaho urubanza nyakuri rubera i Roma ruyobowe n’Abakaridinari bashyizweho na Papa.
Iyo imyanzuro y’urwo rubanza ishimishije, ikagaragaza koko ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku mukandida bifite ishingiro, Nyirubutungane Papa atumiza inama ibishinzwe (Consistoire) kugira ngo ifate icyemezo cya nyuma (gushyira mu rwego rw’Abahire no gushyira mu rwego rw’Abatagatifu.
Ubwo uyu munsi mukuru rusange washyirwagaho, byatumye abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatorika babumbira hamwe iyo mihimbazo yakorwaga uko abantu bishakiye, bahitamo ko itariki ya mbere Ugushyingo, Kiliziya Gatorika izajya ihimbaza umunsi mukuru w’Abatagatifu bose, Imana n’umunsi abemera bahimbaza Abahowe Imana bose baba abazwi n’abatazwi.
Impamvu kandi hashyizweho uyu munsi w’Abatagatifu bose, ni uko hari namwe mu bahowe Imana bashyizwe mu bitabo bya Kiliziya, ariko bakaba n’abandi batigeze bashyirwa muri ibyo bitabo, ariko mu byukuri bari muri urwo rwego.
Mubusanzwe kungira ngo ushyirwe murwego rw’abatagatifu,ni uko ugomba kuba warakoze ibikorwa by’ubutwari ndetse by’intangarugero cyangwa se ibitangaza mumaso ya Kiliziya.
Mu Rwanda nta muntu n’umwe urashyirwa mu rwego rw’abatagatifu, ariko kugeza ubu hari abashyizwe mu rwego rw’abahire, bari gutegurirwa gushyirwa mu kiciro cy’abatagatifu. Abo ni Cyprian Rugamba ndetse n’umugore we, batakerejweho na Kiliziya liberal ibikorwa by’ubutwari bakoze, ndetse na magingo aya bikaba bigifasha benshi mu banyarwanda n’abatuye isi muri Rusange.
